# `modules/sowing/` — is the soil warm enough to sow? (layer 2) Each morning, for each bed and each crop the farmer means to sow in it: the soil's temperature at seed depth over the last three days, against the temperatures that crop's seed germinates at, and about how many days the seedlings take to come up. A seed sown into soil too cold for it rots or waits; into soil too warm, it comes up thin. | advice | when the soil at seed depth has averaged, over three days | | --- | --- | | **not yet** | below the temperature under which the seed hardly germinates | | **slow**, and the days to emergence | above that, below the range it germinates best in | | **good**, and the days | within that range | | **warm**: it will come up, but less well | above the range, below the limit | | **too warm** | above the temperature over which it hardly germinates | | **no advice**, and why | no soil temperature probe within 10 cm of the surface; nothing heard for six hours; under a day of readings; the newest reading flagged | > Not yet for beans in bed 3: the soil at 5 cm has averaged 11.9 °C over the last three > days, and the seed needs at least 16 °C to germinate. > Sown in bed 3 now, tomatoes would come up slowly: the soil at 5 cm has averaged 11.9 °C, > below the seed's best range of 16 to 29 °C. Seedlings in about 23 days. > Buen suelo para sembrar lechuga en bancal 3: 11,9 °C a 5 cm en los últimos tres días, > dentro del mejor rango de la semilla, de 4 a 27 °C. Plántulas en unos 5 días. (The test's bed, its soil swinging 4 °C either side of 12 °C each day.) ## Where the temperatures come from **J. F. Harrington's tables** (University of California at Davis, Agricultural Extension Leaflet, 1954), still printed by extension services: * for 24 vegetables, the soil temperature below which the seed hardly germinates, the range it germinates best in, its optimum, and the temperature above which it hardly germinates; * for 21 of them, the days to emergence at nine soil temperatures from 0 to 40 °C, the seed half an inch deep. `data/germination-harrington.csv` holds both, in Harrington's degrees Fahrenheit, built from Oregon State University Extension's copy of the first table and a University of California handout's copy of the second, which gives the days to a tenth ([data/MANIFEST.csv](data/MANIFEST.csv)). One cell differs from Oregon State's page: cabbage's best range is 45 to 95 °F, as other copies of the table print it, where that page prints "45–5". The numbers are facts, reproduced with credit. * **Days between Harrington's temperatures** are interpolated in germination *rate*, one over the days, which rises roughly in proportion to the temperature above a base; days do not. Half way from 20 °C to 25 °C, tomatoes take 6.9 days, not the 7.05 the days' mean would say. Next to a temperature where the seed hardly germinated, there is no estimate. * **His temperatures were held constant; a field's soil is not.** It is warm by day and cool by night, more so near the surface. The advice reads the three days' mean, so a soil swinging either side of a limit reads as its middle. That is how extension advice reads a soil thermometer too, and it is the place this is most likely to be wrong. ## How the bed's soil is read **The probe is found, not configured**, as for the [soil-moisture advisory](../soilwater/): the soil temperature series whose device is installed in the bed, no deeper than 10 cm, the shallowest there is. Most soil-moisture probes report temperature from the same body (TEROS 12, HydraProbe, the LoRaWAN probes); a bare temperature probe is cheap. Only readings the health checks had passed by the morning count. Read-only and advisory. Each advice is a CEL rule judged through layer 1 ([modules/rules](../rules/)), and one decision is written a crop a bed a morning, the morning's answer on its topic (`sowing//`). The crop is named in the reader's language when the decision is rendered: the rule marks it as a language-pack key (`Rule.key_params`), so the board and the notifier say "beans" or "frijoles" without knowing this module. ```sh pip install -r modules/sowing/requirements.txt # cel-python, via modules/rules cd modules/sowing && python3 -m unittest discover -p 'test_*.py' python3 sowing.py --socket … --config beds.json # as a module process (§8.3) ``` with `beds.json` as `{"beds": [{"feature": "…the bed's land…", "crops": ["bean", "lettuce"]}]}`. The crops are the CSV's names: asparagus, bean, beet, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, chard, corn (sweet), cucumber, eggplant, lettuce, muskmelon, onion, parsley, parsnip, pea, pepper, pumpkin, radish, spinach, squash, tomato, turnip, watermelon. ## Not tested It has not met a real bed ([UNTESTED](../../docs/UNTESTED.md)): * the temperatures are Harrington's constant-temperature figures, not a field's daily swing; * his days are for seed half an inch deep; a probe at 5 cm reads cooler by day and warmer by night than the seed; * no season has been sown by it and the emergence dates counted.