What grows at 35.0645, -86.5914#

Generated 2026-10-09 from open data. These are starting points, not answers: check them against local knowledge, a soil test, and your own records.

The site#

Climate class Cfa; average 15.4 °C; 1376 mm of rain a year; USDA hardiness zone about 8a.
Last spring frost around March 31 and first fall frost around November 3; at least 207 frost-free days in 8 years of 10.
2774 growing degree days a year (°C, base 10); about 1048 chill hours in winter.
Over the record, the later fifteen years were +0.5 °C warmer than the earlier fifteen.
Soil: Dickson silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes — Moderately well drained, 4.0% slope; topsoil pH 6.2, organic matter 2.8%.
Left bare, this soil would erode at about 26 times the rate it can tolerate: keep it covered — cover crops, perennial forage, buffers.

Climate is from NASA POWER's grid, tens of kilometres across: winter lows and frost dates in a field can be colder than shown.

Food crops, simulated on this site's weather#

Bambara groundnut: 2 of 2 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 136–141 days. Sow April 9 to June 18.
Barley: 1 of 3 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 261–261 days. Sow October 15 to April 2.
Bell and chili pepper: 5 of 5 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 155–182 days. Sow April 9 to May 28.
Bread wheat: 5 of 8 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 229–248 days. Sow September 3 to March 19.
Cabbage: 3 of 3 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 116–150 days. Sow March 12 to August 6.
Chickpea: 32 of 32 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 96–153 days. Sow February 19 to August 27.
Common bean: 30 of 30 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 75–107 days. Sow April 9 to August 13.
Cotton: 17 of 17 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 118–172 days. Sow April 9 to July 16.
Cowpea: 10 of 12 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 136–197 days. Sow April 9 to July 2.
Faba bean: 2 of 2 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 119–121 days. Sow February 12 to August 6.
Flax (linseed): 1 of 1 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 87–87 days. Sow March 5 to August 13.
Grain amaranth: 2 of 2 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 87–91 days. Sow February 12 to August 13.
Guar: 2 of 2 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 182–182 days. Sow April 9 to June 4.
Hemp: 6 of 7 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 59–238 days. Sow April 9 to September 17.
Lentil: 6 of 6 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 100–113 days. Sow any time of year.
Maize (corn): 166 of 166 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 86–148 days. Sow April 9 to July 30.
Peanut: 38 of 38 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 133–178 days. Sow April 9 to July 2.
Pearl millet: 48 of 60 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 99–176 days. Sow April 9 to July 30.
Pigeon pea: no cultivar matures before frost here.
Quinoa: 2 of 2 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 88–91 days. Sow March 12 to August 27.
Rapeseed (canola): 3 of 3 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 96–128 days. Sow March 5 to July 30.
Rice: 42 of 55 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 122–190 days. Sow April 9 to July 2. Raised in a nursery and transplanted at 25 days: 35 of 55.
Rye: 2 of 2 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 251–251 days. Sow September 24 to March 26.
Safflower: 5 of 5 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 103–115 days. Sow April 9 to August 13.
Sorghum: 51 of 55 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 113–191 days. Sow April 9 to July 9.
Soybean: 36 of 59 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 89–200 days. Sow April 9 to August 20.
Sunflower: 11 of 11 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 81–128 days. Sow any time of year.
Tomato: 4 of 4 cultivars mature 8 years in 10, in 120–131 days. Sow April 9 to July 2. Heat that stops its fruit set — 32/26 °C by day and night over the 10 days before flowering (Sato et al. 2000) — does not come here: the warmest such stretch of nights in thirty years averaged 25.3 °C.
Velvet bean: no cultivar matures before frost here.

Fruit trees by winter chill#

Winters here give at least 1090 chill hours (hours between 0 and 7.2 °C, November to March) 8 years in 10. Against published cultivar requirements — stone fruit compiled by Fadón and others (2020), apples by González Noguer and others (2023, the dessert and cider apples), pears measured by Fadón and others (2023) — taken in many countries and by several methods, so a guide, not a guarantee, this many cultivars of each would get their chill.

Almond: 68 of 68 cultivars
European apricot: 26 of 41 cultivars
Japanese apricot (ume): 6 of 8 cultivars
Peach: 115 of 126 cultivars
Nectarine: 10 of 10 cultivars
Flat peach: 7 of 7 cultivars
European plum: 4 of 9 cultivars
Japanese plum: 16 of 16 cultivars
Cherry: 25 of 40 cultivars
Apple: 55 of 78 cultivars
Pear: 16 of 16 cultivars

Bloom and frost: for 185 cultivar estimates whose studies also give a heat requirement, bloom is simulated on this site's own winters — chill from November 1, then heat — and a year counts as frosted when the minimum falls to −2.2 °C (28 °F) or below within two weeks after bloom. The grid's minimums are milder than an orchard floor's, so the counts err low.

Almond: blooms February 4 to March 12 (median February 20); frost after bloom in 8 years of 10.
European apricot: blooms March 14 to April 15 (median March 23); frost after bloom in 3 years of 10. For 9 of its 32 estimates, chill falls short in more than 2 winters of 10.
Japanese apricot (ume): blooms December 18 to March 21 (median February 28); frost after bloom in 7 years of 10. For 2 of its 6 estimates, chill falls short in more than 2 winters of 10.
Peach: blooms March 19 to April 13 (median March 26); frost after bloom in 2 years of 10. For 5 of its 34 estimates, chill falls short in more than 2 winters of 10.
Nectarine: blooms March 16 to April 2 (median March 21); frost after bloom in 4 years of 10.
Japanese plum: blooms March 12 to April 5 (median March 27); frost after bloom in 2 years of 10.
Cherry: blooms March 29 to April 30 (median April 28); frost after bloom in 0 years of 10.
Apple: blooms April 7 to April 23 (median April 15); frost after bloom in 0 years of 10.
Pear: blooms April 1 to April 5 (median April 3); frost after bloom in 1 years of 10.

Suits the site (90)#

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), American basswood (Tilia americana), American beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata), American chestnut (Castanea dentata), American elderberry (Sambucus canadensis), American hazelnut (Corylus americana), American persimmon (Diospyros virginiana), American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea), Beach plum (Prunus maritima), Bell and chili pepper (Capsicum annuum), Bigleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla), Black walnut (Juglans nigra), Black willow (Salix nigra), Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta), Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis), Chickpea (Cicer arietinum), Chicory and radicchio (Cichorium intybus), Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Common hackberry (Celtis occidentalis), Common ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius), Common vetch (Vicia sativa), Coralberry (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus), Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides), Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides), Eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis), Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana), Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus), European larch (Larix decidua), Faba bean (Vicia faba), Flax (linseed) (Linum usitatissimum), Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), Grain amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus), Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Hazel alder (Alnus serrulata), Hemp (Cannabis sativa), Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos), Hybrid poplar (Populus × canadensis), Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), Lanceleaf coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata), Lentil (Lens culinaris), Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), Mung bean (Vigna radiata), Muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia), New Jersey tea (Ceanothus americanus), Northern bayberry (Morella pensylvanica), Northern red oak (Quercus rubra), Norway spruce (Picea abies), Oats (Avena sativa), Paper birch (Betula papyrifera), Pawpaw (Asimina triloba), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Pear (Pyrus communis), Pecan (Carya illinoinensis), Pomegranate (Punica granatum), Quince (Cydonia oblonga), Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), Red alder (Alnus rubra), Red maple (Acer rubrum), Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana), River birch (Betula nigra), Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), Saskatoon (serviceberry) (Amelanchier alnifolia), Shagbark hickory (Carya ovata), Silky dogwood (Cornus amomum), Small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata), Soft rush (Juncus effusus), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Soybean (Glycine max), Spelt (Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta), Sugar maple (Acer saccharum), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana), Virginia wildrye (Elymus virginicus), Western redcedar (Thuja plicata), White lupin (Lupinus albus), White oak (Quercus alba), Wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa), Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)

Suits, with lime, sulfur or irrigation (23)#

Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) — pH: topsoil 6.2, needs 6.0 or less — sulfur
Balsam fir (Abies balsamea) — pH: topsoil 6.2, needs 6.0 or less — sulfur
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) — pH: topsoil 6.2, needs 6.5 or more — lime
Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) — pH: topsoil 6.2, needs 6.5 or more — lime
Blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) — pH: topsoil 6.2, needs 6.6 or more — lime
Buffalograss (Bouteloua dactyloides) — pH: topsoil 6.2, needs 6.5 or more — lime
Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris) — pH: topsoil 6.2, needs 6.5 or more — lime
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) — water: 54 in of rain, needs 60 — irrigate; pH: topsoil 6.2, needs 5.5 or less — sulfur
Eggplant (Solanum melongena) — water: 54 in of rain, needs 60 — irrigate
Fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens) — pH: topsoil 6.2, needs 6.6 or more — lime
Fox sedge (Carex vulpinoidea) — pH: topsoil 6.2, needs 6.8 or more — lime
Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) — pH: topsoil 6.2, needs 5.5 or less — sulfur
Noble fir (Abies procera) — water: 54 in of rain, needs 64 — irrigate
Northern spicebush (Lindera benzoin) — pH: topsoil 6.2, needs 6.0 or less — sulfur
Partridge pea (Chamaecrista fasciculata) — pH: topsoil 6.2, needs 6.5 or more — lime
Phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia) — pH: topsoil 6.2, needs 6.4 or more — lime
Prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) — pH: topsoil 6.2, needs 7.0 or more — lime
Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) — pH: topsoil 6.2, needs 6.5 or more — lime
Red clover (Trifolium pratense) — pH: topsoil 6.2, needs 6.5 or more — lime
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) — pH: topsoil 6.2, needs 6.5 or more — lime
Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) — pH: topsoil 6.2, needs 6.0 or less — sulfur
Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) — pH: topsoil 6.2, needs 5.7 or less — sulfur
Yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis) — pH: topsoil 6.2, needs 6.5 or more — lime

Suits, with cautions (64)#

American plum (Prunus americana) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 40 in maximum
Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) — listed as invasive or noxious in 1 US state(s): AK; season: PLANTS lists 225 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10) — a little short
Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 30 in maximum
Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) — listed as invasive or noxious in 2 US state(s): AR, NJ; season: PLANTS lists 225 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10) — a little short; winter: average low 11 °F, below the 22 °F PLANTS lists
Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 16 in maximum
Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) — listed as invasive or noxious in 3 US state(s): AK, DE, MO; winter: average low 11 °F is within 5 °F of its 7 °F limit
Black cherry (Prunus serotina) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 50 in maximum
Black chokeberry (aronia) (Aronia melanocarpa) — winter: average low 11 °F, below the 24 °F PLANTS lists
Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) — listed as invasive or noxious in 5 US state(s): CT, MI, MO, NY, WI
Bok choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) — listed as invasive or noxious in 1 US state(s): AK
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) — season: PLANTS lists 365 frost-free days, implausible for an annual — not used; water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 50 in maximum
Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 50 in maximum
Butterfly milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 45 in maximum
Canada wildrye (Elymus canadensis) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 45 in maximum
Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) — listed as invasive or noxious in 1 US state(s): AK
Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 50 in maximum
Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) — listed as invasive or noxious in 1 US state(s): AK
Claytonia (miner's lettuce) (Claytonia perfoliata) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 36 in maximum
Colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 45 in maximum
Creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra) — winter: average low 11 °F is within 5 °F of its 7 °F limit
Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) — season: PLANTS lists 210 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10) — a little short
Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) — listed as invasive or noxious in 1 US state(s): AK
English walnut (Juglans regia) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 45 in maximum
False indigo bush (Amorpha fruticosa) — listed as invasive or noxious in 1 US state(s): CT
Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) — listed as invasive or noxious in 1 US state(s): AK
Highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 50 in maximum
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 45 in maximum
Leyland cypress (× Cuprocyparis leylandii) — winter: average low 11 °F is within 5 °F of its 7 °F limit
Little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 45 in maximum
Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) — season: PLANTS lists 250 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10) — a little short
Maize (corn) (Zea mays) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 50 in maximum
Mizuna (Brassica rapa var. japonica) — listed as invasive or noxious in 1 US state(s): AK
Mustard greens (Brassica juncea) — listed as invasive or noxious in 1 US state(s): AK
Ogeechee tupelo (Nyssa ogeche) — season: PLANTS lists 270 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10) — a little short
Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) — listed as invasive or noxious in 2 US state(s): AK, NJ; winter: average low 11 °F is within 5 °F of its 7 °F limit
Osage orange (Maclura pomifera) — listed as invasive or noxious in 1 US state(s): MO; water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 40 in maximum
Paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa) — listed as invasive or noxious in 4 US state(s): AL, CT, NC, WI
Pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 50 in maximum
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) — listed as invasive or noxious in 1 US state(s): AK
Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 25 in maximum
Prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 35 in maximum
Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 50 in maximum
Pussy willow (Salix discolor) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 50 in maximum
Rapeseed (canola) (Brassica napus) — listed as invasive or noxious in 1 US state(s): AK
Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) — soil: PLANTS lists it as not adapted to medium-textured soil
Rice (Oryza sativa) — water: grown flooded — needs a field that holds a flood (a tight subsoil, levees) and water to fill it; the season is not the limit here
Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 45 in maximum
Rye (Secale cereale) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 50 in maximum
Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 45 in maximum
Sandbar willow (Salix interior) — soil: PLANTS lists it as not adapted to medium-textured soil
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 45 in maximum
Sea oats (Uniola paniculata) — winter: average low 11 °F is within 5 °F of its 7 °F limit
Silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 30 in maximum
Slash pine (Pinus elliottii) — season: PLANTS lists 250 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10) — a little short
Smooth sumac (Rhus glabra) — listed as invasive or noxious in 1 US state(s): MO
Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 40 in maximum
Sudangrass (Sorghum × drummondii) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 40 in maximum
Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) — season: PLANTS lists 360 frost-free days, implausible for an annual — not used
Tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) — listed as invasive or noxious in 3 US state(s): AK, MO, NJ; winter: average low 11 °F is within 5 °F of its 7 °F limit
Tatsoi (Brassica rapa var. rosularis) — listed as invasive or noxious in 1 US state(s): AK
Timothy (Phleum pratense) — listed as invasive or noxious in 2 US state(s): AK, NJ
Western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii) — water: 54 in of rain, wetter than its 36 in maximum
White clover (Trifolium repens) — listed as invasive or noxious in 1 US state(s): AK; season: PLANTS lists 250 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10) — a little short; winter: average low 11 °F, below the 22 °F PLANTS lists
White mulberry (Morus alba) — listed as invasive or noxious in 1 US state(s): WI

Does not suit, and why (27)#

Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) — season: needs 365 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10)
Big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) — season: needs 365 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10)
Bitter panicum (Panicum amarum) — season: needs 300 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10)
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) — season: needs 365 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10)
Coconut (Cocos nucifera) — season: needs 365 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10)
Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) — season: needs 365 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10)
Grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi) — season: needs 365 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10); winter: average low 11 °F, survives 31 °F
Guava (Psidium guajava) — season: needs 365 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10); winter: average low 11 °F, survives 33 °F
Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus) — season: needs 300 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10)
Lablab (hyacinth bean) (Lablab purpureus) — season: needs 300 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10); winter: average low 11 °F, survives 31 °F
Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) — season: needs 365 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10)
Mango (Mangifera indica) — season: needs 365 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10)
Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus) — season: needs 365 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10)
Papaya (Carica papaya) — season: needs 365 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10); winter: average low 11 °F, survives 32 °F
Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) — season (crop model): no pigeonpea cultivar matures before frost 8 years in 10 — the best in 0% of years; winter: average low 11 °F, survives 31 °F
Pineapple (Ananas comosus) — season: needs 365 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10); winter: average low 11 °F, survives 32 °F
Radiata pine (Pinus radiata) — season: needs 300 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10)
Rose gum (Eucalyptus grandis) — season: needs 340 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10); winter: average low 11 °F, survives 28 °F
Saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens) — season: needs 280 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10)
Sapodilla (Manilkara zapota) — season: needs 365 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10)
Soursop (Annona muricata) — season: needs 365 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10)
Spanish cedar (Cedrela odorata) — season: needs 310 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10); winter: average low 11 °F, survives 27 °F
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) — season: needs 365 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10)
Sweet orange (Citrus × sinensis) — season: needs 365 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10)
Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) — season: needs 365 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10)
Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) — season (crop model): no velvetbean cultivar matures before frost 8 years in 10 — the best in 0% of years
Vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides) — season: needs 365 frost-free days, has 207 (8 years in 10)

Not recommended: invasive (13)#

Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense)
Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica)
Crownvetch (Securigera varia)
Giant reed (Arundo donax)
Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
Kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata)
Multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora)
Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia)
Saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima)
Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata)
Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) — listed as invasive or noxious in United States
Weeping lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula)

For bees#

Bees can fly here in February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.
Nothing on the list is recorded in flower in September, October, November: plant for those months. (A gap can also be missing data.)

For livestock#

Dairy cattle face heat stress on 96 to 172 days a year: favour heat-tolerant breeds, shade and water.

When to propagate#

By the ways USDA PLANTS lists for each plant, in windows set by this site's median frost dates — common practice for each method, a first approximation. The plant-by-plant list is in propagation.csv.

Seed that needs cold (67 plants): sow outdoors November 3 to December 1; March 31 to April 21 — the first after the fall frost, so winter stratifies it; the second for seed stratified cold and moist indoors.
Seed (114 plants): March 31 to May 30. Food crops with a crop model have their own sowing windows above.
Bare-root stock (101 plants), planted dormant: February 17 to April 14; November 3 to December 15.
Container stock (117 plants), out of midsummer heat: March 31 to May 26; September 8 to November 3.
Hardwood cuttings (65 plants), taken dormant: November 3 to February 17.
Sprigs and sod (26 plants), in warm soil: April 14 to August 25.
Tubers (2 plants): March 31 to April 28.

No data yet#

260 plants on the list have no data in either source yet — mostly fruit, herbs and flowers.

Plant names come from AGROVOC (FAO) and Wikidata where either has one in this language; the rest stay in English. The scientific name is always beside them.

Sources#

Climate: NASA POWER (CC BY 4.0). Soil: USDA NRCS soil survey (public domain). Plants: USDA PLANTS (CC0). Crop models: DSSAT (BSD-3-Clause). Bees: GloBI (CC BY 4.0) and the studies it cites. Fruit chill and heat: Fadón et al. 2020, Agronomy 10:409; González Noguer et al. 2023, Front. Hortic. 2:1217689; Fadón et al. 2023, Agronomy 13:518 (all CC BY 4.0); bloom frost thresholds: Washington State University via Penn State Extension. Plant names: AGROVOC (FAO, CC BY 4.0) and Wikidata (CC0).

Made by fieldmesh advise 0.1.0, data c61f00dace9b, crop models DSSAT 25c93b9.